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General rules for the Order of the Brachot
Of course this is NOT instead of the Shulchan Aruch, if possible you should learn these Halachot in detail. We are just covering some basic rules in this area, and we ask from Hashem that we wont make any mistakes.
These are the order of the Brachot in general:
Hamotzie - on bread.
Mezonot - on cakes.
Hagefen - on wine.
Haetz - on fruits.
Haadama - on vegetables.
Shehakol - on drinks etc.
Shalem - whole:
If one has in front of him e.g. 2 apples, one is a whole one and the other one is cut up, you should make the Bracha over the whole one.
If both are cut (not whole) you should say the Bracha over the larger one.
Chaviv:
When one has in front of him different types of foods but all are the same bracha, e.g. candy, soda etc. you should say the bracha on the one you desire (now) most, that is meaning of 'Chaviv'.
Fruits of Israel:
Hashem has blessed Israel with 7 fruits as it says (Ekev 8,8); "A land of wheat, and barley, and vines, and fig trees, and pomegranates; a land of oil olive, and honey (dates)".
Therefore when one has different types of fruits that he wants to eat (e.g. apples and figs), the fruit of the 7 species are first.
If however the fruit which is not of the 7 species, is Chaviv [meaning - he likes it more] then he may say a Bracha on any one he wants.
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